WEKO3
アイテム
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However, fundamental differences between the Shizuoka clan ― the regional government ― and the shogunate ― the central government ― meant that their relationship by no means constituted one of linear succession concerning the overall military system. Unlike the navy, where desertion and annihilation caused it to vanish spontaneously, the enormous might of the army that had been created during the Tokugawa period was not needed by the Shizuoka clan, and subsequently underwent large-scale restructuring. The shogunate\u0027s policy of strengthening the military was turned on its head by the Shizuoka clan, which took a path toward disarmament. There were more than a few areas in which there was not only no quantitative succession, but in which there was an absence of qualitative succession as well.\nThis paper first examines the existence or otherwise of a relationship of succession between the Numazu Military Academy and the military academy established by the shogunate at the end of the Tokugawa period. It then reveals that there was no continuation between the former and the latter, which was established by a French military advisory group, either in terms of personnel or in organization.\nNext, I investigate the process of the dissolution and the reorganization of the shogunate army that began around May and June 1868, which constituted the process of the establishment of the Shizuoka clan\u0027s military system. There is no mention in “Zoku Tokugawa Jikki” (a history of the Tokugawa period), “Ryueibunin” (records of the appointment and dismissal of shogunate officials) or “Rikugun Rekishi” (“History of the Army”) of changes to military organization after the fall of the shogunate, that is, after May 1868. In other words, there is a vacuum of documentary evidence on an interim process that connects the shogunate army with the military system of the Shizuoka clan. This paper will clarify the actual situation at this time.\nThis paper will examine the characteristics of the Shizuoka clan, which adopted an unusual military system whereby it did not have any regular troops though it did maintain back-office groups for educational and work programs, within the context of its relationship with the Numazu Military Academy. It examines the existence of trained troops who were stationed at the Numazu Military Academy in 1870. Although it is thought that the academy had the equivalent of 3,000 regular troops as prescribed by government ordinance, the truth of the matter is that not only did the number of troops fall short of the number required, but they were noncommissioned officer candidates and not mere rank and file soldiers.\nAlthough the Shizuoka clan had to discard many of its assets from the period of the shogunate army, it appropriately took over some good quality assets. In addition, the clan added new personal networks and ideas that had not been part of the shogunate army, and stood its ground against the Meiji government. They did this through the Numazu Military Academy and through the system of trained troops. As for the question of whether or not they conscripted civilians into the army, the Shizuoka clan did lag behind the government and other clans on this point. However, with regard to non-military education in the form of primary and secondary education, they exhibited a progressive approach that was ahead of the rest of the country. That is, they led the way with modernization of their educational activities rather than with their military activities. 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旧幕府陸軍の解体と静岡藩沼津兵学校の成立
https://doi.org/10.15024/00001323
https://doi.org/10.15024/000013233d1149d6-2297-4f65-9d05-c0b8e4e4f732
名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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kenkyuhokoku_121_07.pdf (1.5 MB)
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Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||
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公開日 | 2016-04-01 | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
言語 | ja | |||||
タイトル | 旧幕府陸軍の解体と静岡藩沼津兵学校の成立 | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
言語 | en | |||||
タイトル | The Dissolution of the Shogunate's Army and the Establishment of the Numazu Military Academy in the Shizuoka Feudal Domain | |||||
言語 | ||||||
言語 | jpn | |||||
資源タイプ | ||||||
資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||
資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||
ID登録 | ||||||
ID登録 | 10.15024/00001323 | |||||
ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||
著者 |
樋口, 雄彦
× 樋口, 雄彦× Higuchi, Takehiko |
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抄録 | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
内容記述 | 徳川幕府の後身たる静岡藩が明治初年に設立した沼津兵学校が、士官養成機関としての進化という、きわめて限定された範囲において、幕末に幕府によって推し進められた軍制改革の最終到達点であるとする評価に誤りはない。しかし、一地方政権である静岡藩と中央政府である幕府との根本的な違いにより、軍制全般においては決して直線的な継承関係をなしていなかった。脱走・壊滅し自然に消え去った海軍は別として、陸軍については、幕府時代に生み出された膨大な兵力は静岡藩では不要とされ、大規模なリストラが実施された。幕府の軍備増強政策は、静岡藩では一転して軍縮路線へと変更されたのである。量的な問題のみならず、質的にも継承されなかったものが少なくない。 本稿では、まず、沼津兵学校と、幕府が幕末段階で設立した三兵士官学校との継承関係の有無について検討する。そして、前者が、フランス軍事顧問団の指導により生まれた後者とは、人的にも組織的にも継続性がないことを明らかにする。 次に、慶応四年(一八六八)五月・六月以降に始まった旧幕府陸軍の解体と再編の過程=静岡藩軍制の成立過程を点検する。幕府瓦解後、とりわけ慶応四年五月以降の陸軍組織の変遷については、『続徳川実紀』、『柳営補任』、『陸軍歴史』といった既存の諸文献には記載がない。つまり、旧幕府陸軍が静岡藩軍制へ接続する途中経過については、文献上空白であったといえるが、本稿ではその時期の実態を明らかにする。 また、生育方・勤番組という不勤・無役者集団を維持しながら常備兵を擁さないという特殊な軍事体制を採用した静岡藩の特徴を、沼津兵学校との関わりの中で考察する。明治三年(一八七〇)沼津兵学校に付置された修行兵という存在が検討対象である。これは、政府の命令によって設置することとされた常備兵三〇〇〇人に相当するものと思われるが、その実態は、定数にはるかに足りなかったばかりでなく、単なる兵卒ではなく下士官候補者であった。 静岡藩は、幕府陸軍時代の多くの遺産を切り捨てざるをえなかったが、一部の良質な部分については的確に引き継いだ。また、旧幕府陸軍にはなかった新たな人脈と発想を付け加え、したたかに明治政府に対した。それが、沼津兵学校であり、修行兵の制度であった。徴兵という形で庶民を軍事に取り込めたか否かという点においては、政府・他藩に遅れをとった静岡藩であるが、士官教育、さらには普通初等・中等教育という非軍事面において、全国をリードする先進性を示したのである。つまり、軍事部門よりも教育部門において近代化が先行したのであり、沼津兵学校は、「兵」学校であるよりも、兵「学校」であることを象徴する存在であった。 |
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抄録 | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
内容記述 | It is correct to acknowledge that the Numazu Military Academy established in early Meiji by the Shizuoka clan, which represented a newer and different face of the Tokugawa shogunate, was the final site for the advancement of military reforms by the shogunate at the end of Tokugawa period, albeit within an extremely limited scope that saw its evolution to a military officer training institute. However, fundamental differences between the Shizuoka clan ― the regional government ― and the shogunate ― the central government ― meant that their relationship by no means constituted one of linear succession concerning the overall military system. Unlike the navy, where desertion and annihilation caused it to vanish spontaneously, the enormous might of the army that had been created during the Tokugawa period was not needed by the Shizuoka clan, and subsequently underwent large-scale restructuring. The shogunate's policy of strengthening the military was turned on its head by the Shizuoka clan, which took a path toward disarmament. There were more than a few areas in which there was not only no quantitative succession, but in which there was an absence of qualitative succession as well. This paper first examines the existence or otherwise of a relationship of succession between the Numazu Military Academy and the military academy established by the shogunate at the end of the Tokugawa period. It then reveals that there was no continuation between the former and the latter, which was established by a French military advisory group, either in terms of personnel or in organization. Next, I investigate the process of the dissolution and the reorganization of the shogunate army that began around May and June 1868, which constituted the process of the establishment of the Shizuoka clan's military system. There is no mention in “Zoku Tokugawa Jikki” (a history of the Tokugawa period), “Ryueibunin” (records of the appointment and dismissal of shogunate officials) or “Rikugun Rekishi” (“History of the Army”) of changes to military organization after the fall of the shogunate, that is, after May 1868. In other words, there is a vacuum of documentary evidence on an interim process that connects the shogunate army with the military system of the Shizuoka clan. This paper will clarify the actual situation at this time. This paper will examine the characteristics of the Shizuoka clan, which adopted an unusual military system whereby it did not have any regular troops though it did maintain back-office groups for educational and work programs, within the context of its relationship with the Numazu Military Academy. It examines the existence of trained troops who were stationed at the Numazu Military Academy in 1870. Although it is thought that the academy had the equivalent of 3,000 regular troops as prescribed by government ordinance, the truth of the matter is that not only did the number of troops fall short of the number required, but they were noncommissioned officer candidates and not mere rank and file soldiers. Although the Shizuoka clan had to discard many of its assets from the period of the shogunate army, it appropriately took over some good quality assets. In addition, the clan added new personal networks and ideas that had not been part of the shogunate army, and stood its ground against the Meiji government. They did this through the Numazu Military Academy and through the system of trained troops. As for the question of whether or not they conscripted civilians into the army, the Shizuoka clan did lag behind the government and other clans on this point. However, with regard to non-military education in the form of primary and secondary education, they exhibited a progressive approach that was ahead of the rest of the country. That is, they led the way with modernization of their educational activities rather than with their military activities. In fact, the Numazu Military Academy epitomized a school where the emphasis was on learning rather than on military affairs. |
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書誌情報 |
ja : 国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History 巻 121, p. 199-222, 発行日 2005-03-25 |
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出版者 | ||||||
言語 | ja | |||||
出版者 | 国立歴史民俗博物館 | |||||
ISSN | ||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | PISSN | |||||
収録物識別子 | 0286-7400 | |||||
書誌レコードID | ||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||
収録物識別子 | AN00377607 | |||||
関連サイト | ||||||
識別子タイプ | URI | |||||
関連識別子 | https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun5/index.html#no121 | |||||
関連名称 | 第121集 収録論文 タイトルリスト | |||||
フォーマット | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||
内容記述 | application/pdf | |||||
著者版フラグ | ||||||
出版タイプ | VoR | |||||
出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |